/* ============================================================
   Dinesh Deckker — v2 "Modern Academic"
   Crisp light UI · slate ink · blue-ink accent · data-forward.
   Newsreader (scholarly serif) + Inter (UI/body). Static, no build.
   A shared component library so every page speaks one language.
   ============================================================ */

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}

:root{
  /* ink + neutrals (slate scale) */
  --ink:#0f172a;        /* headings  */
  --ink-2:#1e293b;
  --body:#334155;       /* body text */
  --muted:#64748b;
  --faint:#94a3b8;
  --line:#e7ebf0;
  --line-2:#cdd6e0;
  --bg:#ffffff;
  --bg-2:#f8fafc;
  --bg-3:#f1f5f9;
  --surface:#ffffff;

  /* blue-ink accent */
  --blue:#2563eb;
  --blue-dark:#1d4ed8;
  --blue-700:#1e40af;
  --tint:#eff5ff;
  --tint-2:#dbe6fe;

  /* deep ink for footer / inverse panels */
  --navy:#0b1220;
  --navy-2:#111a2e;

  --serif:'Newsreader',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;
  --sans:  'Hanken Grotesk', system-ui, -apple-system, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;

  --wrap:1180px;
  --radius:12px;
  --shadow-sm:0 1px 2px rgba(15,23,42,.06),0 1px 3px rgba(15,23,42,.04);
  --shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(15,23,42,.07);
  --shadow-lg:0 18px 48px rgba(15,23,42,.14);
}

html{scroll-behavior:smooth;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{
  font-family:var(--sans);
  color:var(--body);
  background:var(--bg);
  line-height:1.65;
  font-size:16px;
  min-height:100vh;
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
  text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
}
main{flex:1}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
::selection{background:var(--tint-2);color:var(--ink)}

:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:3px}

/* serif display defaults */
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--serif);color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.01em}

.wrap{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;padding:0 2rem}
.eyebrow{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue)}
.muted{color:var(--muted)}

/* ───────────────────── NAV ───────────────────── */
nav{
  position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:100;
  background:rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter:saturate(180%) blur(12px);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
}
.nav-inner{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;padding:0 2rem;height:68px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}
.nav-logo{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1;flex-shrink:0}
.nav-logo .nm{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.32rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.01em}
.nav-logo .nm b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}
.nav-logo .rl{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.58rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-top:3px}
.nav-links{display:flex;gap:.15rem;list-style:none}
.nav-links a{
  position:relative;display:block;padding:.5rem .85rem;border-radius:7px;
  font-size:.82rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);transition:color .18s,background .18s;
}
.nav-links a:hover{color:var(--ink);background:var(--bg-3)}
.nav-links a.active{color:var(--blue)}
.nav-links a.active::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:.85rem;right:.85rem;bottom:.18rem;height:2px;background:var(--blue);border-radius:2px}
.nav-cta{margin-left:.4rem}
.nav-hamburger{display:none;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;background:none;border:none;cursor:pointer;padding:6px}
.nav-hamburger span{width:22px;height:2px;background:var(--ink);display:block;border-radius:2px;transition:.3s}
.nav-mobile{display:none;background:var(--surface);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.nav-mobile.open{display:block}
.nav-mobile a{display:block;padding:.9rem 2rem;font-size:.9rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--body);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.nav-mobile a:hover,.nav-mobile a.active{color:var(--blue);background:var(--bg-2)}

/* ───────────────── PAGE HEADER ───────────────── */
.phead{
  position:relative;overflow:hidden;
  padding:140px 2rem 56px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(900px 420px at 88% -30%, var(--tint), transparent 70%),
    linear-gradient(180deg,#fff, var(--bg-2));
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
}
.phead::before{ /* engineering dot grid */
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.5;pointer-events:none;
  background-image:radial-gradient(var(--line-2) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size:22px 22px;
  -webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 40%);
          mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 40%);
}
.phead-inner{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;position:relative}
.phead .eyebrow{margin-bottom:.8rem;display:inline-block}
.phead-title{font-size:clamp(2.3rem,5vw,3.6rem);color:var(--ink);line-height:1.04;margin-bottom:1rem}
.phead-sub{font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--muted);max-width:660px;line-height:1.7}

/* ───────────────── SECTIONS ───────────────── */
section{padding:84px 2rem}
.sec-inner{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto}
.sec-bg{background:var(--bg-2)}
.sec-eyebrow{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:.6rem}
.sec-title{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3.2vw,2.4rem);color:var(--ink);line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:.7rem}
.sec-lead{font-size:1.05rem;color:var(--muted);max-width:680px;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:2.5rem}
.rule{width:52px;height:3px;background:var(--blue);border-radius:3px;margin:.8rem 0 2rem}

/* ───────────────── BUTTONS ───────────────── */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:600;font-size:.86rem;
  padding:.72rem 1.4rem;border-radius:9px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .18s;border:1px solid transparent;line-height:1}
.btn-primary{background:var(--blue);color:#fff;box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(37,99,235,.22)}
.btn-primary:hover{background:var(--blue-dark);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 10px 22px rgba(37,99,235,.3)}
.btn-ghost{background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--line-2)}
.btn-ghost:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue);background:var(--tint)}
.btn-dark{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
.btn-dark:hover{background:var(--navy-2);transform:translateY(-1px)}
.btn-light{background:#fff;color:var(--blue);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}
.btn-block{display:flex;justify-content:center;width:100%}

/* link with arrow */
.alink{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;font-size:.84rem;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.3rem;transition:gap .18s}
.alink:hover{gap:.55rem}

/* ───────────────── CARDS / PANELS ───────────────── */
.card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}
.card-pad{padding:1.6rem}
.card-hover{transition:box-shadow .2s,transform .2s,border-color .2s}
.card-hover:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:var(--line-2)}

.panel{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}
.panel-head{padding:.85rem 1.15rem;background:var(--bg-2);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
  font-size:.66rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.panel-body{padding:1.2rem}

/* badges / chips / tags */
.chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue);
  background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--tint-2);border-radius:999px;padding:.28rem .7rem}
.tag{display:inline-block;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue)}
.kbd{font-size:.7rem;color:var(--muted);background:var(--bg-3);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:.12rem .5rem}

/* ───────────────── STATS / METRICS ───────────────── */
.stat-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2.4rem}
.stat-num{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:2.3rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1;display:block}
.stat-num b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}
.stat-label{font-size:.72rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.4rem;display:block}

.metric-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:1rem}
.metric{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);border-radius:10px;padding:1.3rem 1rem;text-align:center;box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}
.metric .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.9rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1}
.metric .l{font-size:.66rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.45rem}

/* ───────────────── BOOK GRID ───────────────── */
.book-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(170px,1fr));gap:1.4rem;align-items:start}
.bk{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;color:inherit;box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm);transition:box-shadow .2s,transform .2s,border-color .2s}
.bk:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:var(--line-2)}
.bk-cover{position:relative;background:var(--bg-3);line-height:0}
.bk-cover img{width:100%;height:auto}
.bk-rate{position:absolute;top:.5rem;right:.5rem;background:rgba(15,23,42,.9);color:#fff;font-size:.64rem;font-weight:700;padding:.16rem .42rem;border-radius:6px;display:flex;gap:.2rem;align-items:center}
.bk-rate svg{width:9px;height:9px;fill:#fbbf24}
.bk-body{padding:.8rem .85rem;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.bk-series{font-size:.58rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:.25rem}
.bk-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:.92rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.25}
.bk-foot{margin-top:auto;padding-top:.6rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}
.bk-view{font-size:.6rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue)}

.group-heading{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;margin-top:1.4rem}
.group-heading:first-of-type{margin-top:0}
.group-heading h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.3rem;color:var(--ink);white-space:nowrap}
.group-heading .ln{flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--line)}
.group-heading .ct{font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted)}

/* ───────────────── PUBLICATIONS ───────────────── */
.pub{display:flex;gap:1.2rem;padding:1.3rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.pub:last-child{border-bottom:none}
.pub-cite{flex-shrink:0;width:62px;text-align:center;background:var(--bg-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;padding:.6rem 0}
.pub-cite .n{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue);line-height:1}
.pub-cite .l{font-size:.56rem;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-top:.2rem}
.pub-cite.zero{background:var(--bg-3)}
.pub-cite.zero .n{color:var(--faint)}
.pub-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.35;margin-bottom:.3rem}
.pub-title a:hover{color:var(--blue)}
.pub-authors{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--body);margin-bottom:.15rem}
.pub-venue{font-size:.79rem;color:var(--muted);font-style:italic}
.pub-tags{margin-top:.55rem;display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}

/* ───────────────── POSTS ───────────────── */
.post-card{display:flex;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm);transition:box-shadow .2s,transform .2s;margin-bottom:1.4rem}
.post-card:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.post-card.hidden{display:none}
.post-accent{width:4px;flex-shrink:0;background:var(--blue)}
.post-body{padding:1.5rem 1.6rem}
.post-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.2rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.3;margin:.4rem 0 .55rem}
.post-title a:hover{color:var(--blue)}
.post-excerpt{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--body);line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:1rem}
.post-foot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem}
.post-meta{font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted)}
.post-featured{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--navy),var(--navy-2));border-radius:var(--radius);padding:2.4rem;margin-bottom:2rem;color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--shadow);position:relative;overflow:hidden}
.post-featured::after{content:"";position:absolute;right:-60px;top:-60px;width:240px;height:240px;border-radius:50%;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(37,99,235,.4),transparent 70%)}
.post-featured .ft-tag{color:#93b4fb}
.post-featured h2{color:#fff;font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.25;margin:.6rem 0 .7rem;position:relative}
.post-featured p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:1.4rem;max-width:60ch;position:relative}

.pill-row{display:flex;gap:.5rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:2rem}
.pill{padding:.4rem .9rem;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:500;border:1px solid var(--line-2);background:var(--surface);color:var(--muted);border-radius:999px;cursor:pointer;transition:all .18s;font-family:var(--sans)}
.pill.active,.pill:hover{background:var(--blue);border-color:var(--blue);color:#fff}

/* ───────────────── PROSE (articles) ───────────────── */
.prose{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}
.prose .lead{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:1.6rem;font-weight:400}
.prose p{font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.85;color:var(--body);margin-bottom:1.4rem}
.prose h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:2.6rem 0 1rem;line-height:1.25}
.prose h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:2rem 0 .8rem}
.prose a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}
.prose a:hover{color:var(--blue-dark)}
.prose strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.prose ul,.prose ol{margin:0 0 1.4rem 1.3rem}
.prose li{font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.8;color:var(--body);margin-bottom:.5rem}

/* ───────────────── FORMS ───────────────── */
.field{margin-bottom:1.1rem}
.label{display:block;font-size:.74rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:.4rem}
.input,.select,.textarea{width:100%;padding:.72rem .9rem;border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:9px;font-size:.92rem;
  font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface);outline:none;transition:border-color .18s,box-shadow .18s}
.input:focus,.select:focus,.textarea:focus{border-color:var(--blue);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--tint)}
.input::placeholder,.textarea::placeholder{color:var(--faint)}
.textarea{min-height:140px;resize:vertical}
.select{appearance:none;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8'%3E%3Cpath d='M1 1l5 5 5-5' stroke='%2364748b' stroke-width='1.5' fill='none' stroke-linecap='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right .9rem center;padding-right:2.4rem;cursor:pointer}

/* search box */
.search{position:relative;flex:1;min-width:240px;max-width:420px}
.search input{width:100%;padding:.65rem .9rem .65rem 2.4rem;border:1px solid var(--line-2);border-radius:9px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.9rem;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);outline:none;transition:border-color .18s,box-shadow .18s}
.search input:focus{border-color:var(--blue);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--tint)}
.search svg{position:absolute;left:.85rem;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:16px;height:16px;stroke:var(--faint);fill:none;stroke-width:2}

/* ───────────────── FOOTER ───────────────── */
footer{background:var(--navy);color:#cbd5e1;padding:4rem 2rem 2.2rem;margin-top:2rem}
.ft-inner{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto}
.ft-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:3rem;margin-bottom:2.8rem}
.ft-name{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;color:#fff;margin-bottom:.8rem}
.ft-desc{font-size:.86rem;color:#94a3b8;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:1.1rem;max-width:40ch}
.ft-email{font-size:.88rem;color:#93b4fb;font-weight:500}
.ft-col-title{font-size:.66rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#64748b;margin-bottom:1rem}
.ft-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.65rem;list-style:none}
.ft-links a{font-size:.86rem;color:#cbd5e1;transition:color .18s}
.ft-links a:hover{color:#fff}
.ft-bottom{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);padding-top:1.7rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem}
.ft-copy{font-size:.74rem;color:#64748b}
.ft-bottom-links{display:flex;gap:1.4rem}
.ft-bottom-links a{font-size:.74rem;color:#94a3b8}
.ft-bottom-links a:hover{color:#fff}

/* ───────────────── UTILITIES ───────────────── */
.grid-2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2.5rem;align-items:start}
.grid-side{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 320px;gap:3rem;align-items:start}
.grid-side-l{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;gap:3.5rem;align-items:start}
.center{text-align:center}
.mt-1{margin-top:1rem}.mt-2{margin-top:2rem}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0}
.divider-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin:1.5rem 0}
.divider-row .ln{flex:1;height:1px;background:var(--line)}

/* ───────────────── RESPONSIVE ─────────────────
   Mobile is treated as its own layout, not a squashed desktop:
   metrics become a swipeable rail, stats a 2-col card block,
   the nav sheds its sub-label, and tap targets grow. */
@media (max-width:960px){
  .nav-links,.nav-cta{display:none}
  .nav-hamburger{display:flex}
  .ft-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2rem}
  .metric-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .grid-2,.grid-side,.grid-side-l{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2.2rem}
}
@media (max-width:600px){
  section{padding:56px 1.25rem}
  .phead{padding:104px 1.25rem 40px}
  .wrap,.nav-inner{padding:0 1.25rem}
  .nav-inner{height:60px}
  .nav-logo .rl{display:none}            /* shed sub-label on phones */
  .nav-logo .nm{font-size:1.2rem}
  .sec-lead{font-size:1rem}
  .ft-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1.6rem 1.4rem}
  .ft-bottom{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}

  /* book grid: 2-up, tighter, smaller titles tuned for phone */
  .book-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:.9rem}
  .bk-title{font-size:.84rem}
  .bk-body{padding:.7rem .7rem}

  /* metrics → horizontal swipe rail (a phone-native pattern) */
  .metric-grid{display:flex;gap:.75rem;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;
    margin-left:-1.25rem;margin-right:-1.25rem;padding:.25rem 1.25rem .75rem;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;scrollbar-width:none}
  .metric-grid::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
  .metric{flex:0 0 42%;scroll-snap-align:start}

  /* full-width primary CTAs on phone */
  .hero-cta .btn,.cta-band .btn{flex:1 1 auto;justify-content:center}

  /* bigger tap targets */
  .nav-mobile a{padding:1rem 1.25rem}
  .pill{padding:.5rem 1rem}
  .alink{padding:.2rem 0}
}
@media (max-width:420px){
  .book-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.75rem}
  .phead-title{font-size:2rem}
  .metric{flex-basis:54%}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  html{scroll-behavior:auto}
  *,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.001ms!important;transition-duration:.001ms!important}
}

/* ============================================================
   ARTICLE PAGES (shared template — styled here, not per page)
   ============================================================ */
.article-hero{position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding:128px 2rem 48px;
  background:radial-gradient(700px 360px at 85% -30%,var(--tint),transparent 70%),linear-gradient(180deg,#fff,var(--bg-2));
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-hero::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;opacity:.5;pointer-events:none;
  background-image:radial-gradient(var(--line-2) 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:22px 22px;
  -webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 45%);mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 45%)}
.article-hero-inner{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}
.article-breadcrumb{font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:1.1rem}
.article-breadcrumb a{color:var(--blue);font-weight:500}
.article-cat{display:inline-block;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--blue);background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--tint-2);padding:.28rem .75rem;border-radius:999px;margin-bottom:1.1rem}
.article-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(1.9rem,4vw,2.8rem);font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin-bottom:1.1rem}
.article-meta{font-size:.84rem;color:var(--muted);display:flex;gap:1.25rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
.article-meta strong{color:var(--ink-2);font-weight:600}

.article-body{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:56px 2rem 24px}
.article-body .lead{font-size:1.22rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:1.6rem}
.article-body p{font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.85;color:var(--body);margin-bottom:1.4rem}
.article-body h2{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.55rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:2.6rem 0 1rem;line-height:1.25}
.article-body h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin:2rem 0 .8rem}
.article-body a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:2px}
.article-body a:hover{color:var(--blue-dark)}
.article-body strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}

.article-share{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;padding:1rem 2rem 2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
.article-share span{font-size:.74rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.article-share a{font-size:.82rem;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line-2);padding:.42rem .9rem;border-radius:8px;transition:all .18s}
.article-share a:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border-color:var(--blue)}

.author-box{max-width:720px;margin:1rem auto 0;padding:1.5rem 2rem}
.author-box-inner{background:var(--bg-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);border-radius:12px;padding:1.5rem;display:flex;gap:1.25rem;align-items:flex-start}
.author-avatar{width:54px;height:54px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);flex-shrink:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;color:#fff;font-size:1.15rem}
.author-box-name{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:.3rem}
.author-box-bio{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--body);line-height:1.6}
.author-box-bio a{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}

.related{background:var(--bg-2);padding:56px 2rem;margin-top:32px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.related-inner{max-width:980px;margin:0 auto}
.related-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:1.5rem}
.related-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.25rem}
.related-card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:1.3rem;border-top:3px solid var(--blue);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm);transition:box-shadow .2s,transform .2s}
.related-card:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);transform:translateY(-3px)}
.related-card-cat{font-size:.62rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:.4rem}
.related-card-title{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:.98rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.35}
@media (max-width:760px){.related-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* ============================================================
   MOTION / DYNAMIC EFFECTS  (all gated behind reduced-motion)
   ============================================================ */
/* scroll progress bar */
.scrollbar{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:0;z-index:200;
  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--blue),var(--blue-700));box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(37,99,235,.4)}
/* nav reacts to scroll */
nav{transition:box-shadow .25s ease,background .25s ease}
nav.scrolled{box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(15,23,42,.08)}
/* back-to-top button */
.to-top{position:fixed;right:1.4rem;bottom:1.4rem;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;
  background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;
  box-shadow:0 8px 22px rgba(37,99,235,.32);opacity:0;transform:translateY(12px) scale(.9);pointer-events:none;
  transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s,background .2s;z-index:120}
.to-top.show{opacity:1;transform:none;pointer-events:auto}
.to-top:hover{background:var(--blue-dark)}
.to-top svg{width:20px;height:20px;stroke:#fff;fill:none;stroke-width:2.2}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){
  /* On-load entrance for above-the-fold content. A calm "develop-in"
     (rise + de-blur) rather than a hard fade — reads printed, not generic.
     Pure CSS so there's no flash and no JS dependency. */
  @keyframes ddIn{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(16px);filter:blur(7px)}
                  to{opacity:1;transform:none;filter:blur(0)}}
  .hero h1,.hero .eyebrow,.hero-lead,.hero .hero-cta,.hero-stats,.pcard,
  .phead .eyebrow,.phead-title,.phead-sub,
  .article-breadcrumb,.article-cat,.article-title,.article-meta{
    animation:ddIn .8s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) both}
  .hero .eyebrow,.phead .eyebrow,.article-breadcrumb{animation-delay:.04s}
  .hero h1,.phead-title,.article-cat{animation-delay:.12s}
  .hero-lead,.phead-sub,.pcard,.article-title{animation-delay:.22s}
  .hero .hero-cta,.article-meta{animation-delay:.32s}
  .hero-stats{animation-delay:.42s}

  /* Scroll-reveal system (class + data-rv added by JS). Variants so motion
     is content-aware, not one uniform fade-up. --d = per-item stagger. */
  .reveal{opacity:0;transition:opacity .7s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1),
    transform .7s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1),filter .7s ease,clip-path .7s ease;
    transition-delay:var(--d,0ms)}
  .reveal[data-rv="rise"]{transform:translateY(26px);filter:blur(6px)}
  .reveal[data-rv="zoom"]{transform:scale(.965) translateY(14px)}        /* cards, covers */
  .reveal[data-rv="left"]{transform:translateX(-30px)}                   /* asides / alt rows */
  .reveal[data-rv="clip"]{clip-path:inset(0 0 100% 0);transform:translateY(8px)} /* section titles wipe */
  .reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none;filter:none;clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}

  /* the accent rule "draws" itself in */
  .rule{transform-origin:left;transition:transform .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) var(--d,0ms),opacity .4s}
  .rule.reveal{opacity:1;transform:scaleX(0)}
  .rule.reveal.in{transform:scaleX(1)}

  /* portrait tilt easing (transform set inline by JS) */
  .pcard{transition:transform .35s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1),box-shadow .35s ease}
}

/* ============================================================
   DARK THEME  (html[data-theme="dark"]) + nav controls + ⌘K palette
   ============================================================ */
html[data-theme="dark"]{
  --ink:#f1f5f9;--ink-2:#e2e8f0;--body:#c5cfdc;--muted:#9aa7ba;--faint:#6b7689;
  --line:#222c3c;--line-2:#2d394b;
  --bg:#0b0f17;--bg-2:#0f1421;--bg-3:#161d2b;--surface:#121826;
  --blue:#60a5fa;--blue-dark:#3b82f6;--blue-700:#93b4fb;
  --tint:#15233e;--tint-2:#21385f;
  --shadow-sm:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,.5);--shadow-lg:0 20px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.6);
}
html[data-theme="dark"] nav{background:rgba(11,15,23,.8)}
html[data-theme="dark"] .phead{background:radial-gradient(900px 420px at 88% -30%,var(--tint),transparent 70%),linear-gradient(180deg,var(--bg),var(--bg-2))}
html[data-theme="dark"] .hero{background:radial-gradient(820px 460px at 85% -10%,var(--tint),transparent 70%),linear-gradient(180deg,var(--bg),var(--bg-2))}
html[data-theme="dark"] .nf,html[data-theme="dark"] .ty{background:radial-gradient(820px 460px at 50% -10%,var(--tint),transparent 70%),linear-gradient(180deg,var(--bg),var(--bg-2))}
html[data-theme="dark"] .pcard-badge{background:rgba(18,24,38,.9);color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--line-2)}
html[data-theme="dark"] .btn-primary{color:#08101f}
html[data-theme="dark"] .btn-dark{background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line-2)}
html[data-theme="dark"] .quals thead th,html[data-theme="dark"] .panel-head{background:var(--bg-3)}

/* nav control buttons (theme + search) */
.nav-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.3rem}
.icon-btn{width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:9px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:transparent;color:var(--muted);
  display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;transition:all .18s;flex-shrink:0}
.icon-btn:hover{color:var(--blue);border-color:var(--blue);background:var(--tint)}
.icon-btn svg{width:18px;height:18px;stroke:currentColor;fill:none;stroke-width:1.8}
.search-btn{width:auto;gap:.5rem;padding:0 .7rem 0 .6rem;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted)}
.search-btn .kbd{font-size:.66rem;color:var(--faint);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:.05rem .35rem}
.theme-btn .moon{display:none}
html[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .sun{display:none}
html[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .moon{display:block}
@media (max-width:600px){.search-btn .lbl,.search-btn .kbd{display:none}.search-btn{width:38px;padding:0}}

/* ⌘K command palette */
.cmdk{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:300;display:none}
.cmdk.open{display:block}
.cmdk-backdrop{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(8,11,18,.55);backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}
.cmdk-panel{position:relative;max-width:620px;margin:9vh auto 0;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line-2);
  border-radius:14px;box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);overflow:hidden;animation:cmdkIn .18s ease}
@keyframes cmdkIn{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-8px) scale(.99)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}
.cmdk-input{width:100%;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:1.05rem 1.2rem;font-size:1.02rem;
  font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:transparent;outline:none}
.cmdk-results{max-height:54vh;overflow-y:auto;padding:.4rem}
.cmdk-group{font-size:.6rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--faint);padding:.7rem .85rem .3rem}
.cmdk-item{display:flex;gap:.7rem;align-items:center;padding:.6rem .8rem;border-radius:9px;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}
.cmdk-item.sel,.cmdk-item:hover{background:var(--tint)}
.cmdk-item .t{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;line-height:1.3}
.cmdk-item .s{font-size:.74rem;color:var(--muted)}
.cmdk-item .ty{margin-left:auto;font-size:.6rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted);
  background:var(--bg-3);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:.12rem .5rem;border-radius:999px;flex-shrink:0}
.cmdk-empty{padding:1.6rem;text-align:center;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}
.cmdk-foot{display:flex;gap:1rem;padding:.6rem 1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.7rem;color:var(--faint)}